Izindaba - Umqondo oyisisekelo wokunyakaza kwe-fluid - Yiziphi izimiso ze-fluid dynamics

Ukuqalisa

Esahlukweni esedlule kwaboniswa ukuthi izimo eziqondile zezibalo zamandla anikezwe uketshezi lapho kutholakala kalula. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ku-hydrostatic kuphela amabutho amabutho alula alula ahilelekile. Lapho kuthathwa uketshezi, inkinga yokuhlaziya ngaso leso sikhathi iba nzima kakhulu. Hhayi kuphela ukuba nobukhulu kanye nobukhulu bezinhlayiyana zezinhlayiyana ezizobhekwa kanye nokuqondiswa kwendlela, kepha futhi kunethonya eliyinkimbinkimbi le-viscosity elidala ukufutheka noma ukucindezela okuguqukayo phakathi kwezinhlayiya ezishukumisayo ezishukumisayo kanye nemingcele equkethe imingcele. Ukunyakaza okuhlobene okungenzeka phakathi kwezinto ezahlukene zomzimba we-fluid kubangela ingcindezi nokucindezelwa kwengcindezi ukuhlukahluka ngokuningi kuye kwelinye ngenxa yezimo zezimbali. Ngenxa yobulume obuhambisana nento yokugeleza, ukuhlaziya okuqondile kwezibalo kungenzeka kuphela kwabambalwa, kanti kusukela ebusheni bobunjiniyela, ngakho-ke, lokho kunesidingo, ukwenza okuthile kube lula ukuqeda ukwakheka kwanele ukuthola isixazululo sethiyori. Lezi zindlela ezimbili azikhethekile, ngoba imithetho eyisisekelo yama-mechanics ihlala ilungile futhi inika amandla izindlela zethiyori ezizokwamukelwa ezimweni ezimbalwa ezibalulekile. Futhi kubalulekile ukuthola izibonelelo zokuhlola ubukhulu bokuphambuka ezimweni zangempela kuvikeleke ekuhlaziyweni okwenziwe lula.

Ukucabanga okwenziwe lula kakhulu ukuthi i-fluid ilungele noma iphelele, ngaleyo ndlela isusa imiphumela exakayo ye-viscous. Lesi yisisekelo se-classical hydrodynamics, igatsha le-mathematics elisetshenzisiwe elitholile ezinhlakeni ezinjalo ezivelele njengezitobe, uRayleigh, rankine, kelvin newundlu. Kunokulinganiselwa okukhulu kwemvelo emcabangweni we-classical, kepha njengoba amanzi enokubonakala okuphansi kakhulu, iziphatha njengoketshezi lwangempela ezimweni eziningi. Ngalesi sizathu, i-cydrodynamics yakudala ingabhekwa njengemuva elibaluleke kakhulu esifundweni sezimpawu zokunyakaza kwe-fluid. Isahluko samanje sithinteka ngamandla ashukumisayo ayisisekelo se-Fluid Motion futhi sisebenza njengesingeniso esiyisisekelo sezahluko ezilandelanayo ezibhekene nezinkinga ezithile ezihlangabezana nazo kuma-Hydraulics abucayi ngokwengeziwe. Izilinganiso ezintathu ezibalulekile eziyisisekelo zokunyakaza kwe-fluid okungukuthi, ukuqhubeka, i-bernoulli, kanye nezibalo ze-momentum zithathwe futhi ukubaluleka kwazo kuchaziwe. Kamuva, ukulinganiselwa kwethiyori ye-classical kubhekwa njengokuziphatha koketshezi lwangempela oluchaziwe.I-fluid engaguquki iyacatshangelwa kulo lonke.

Izinhlobo zokugeleza

Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokunyakaza kwe-fluid zingahlukaniswa kanjena:

I-1.Izingxoxo ne-laminar

I-2.Rotational and irrotational

3.Steady futhi ungagxilile

4.uniform ne-non-unyunyana.

Iphampu yendle engaphansi kwendle

I-MVS Series Axial-Flow Pumps Avs Series Avs exutshwe-flow-flow amaphampu (ukugeleza kwama-axial mpo kanye nokugeleza okuhlanganisiwe kwe-flow subfial mefage meatleage yokuhambisa indle) Imikhiqizo yesimanje eyenziwe ngempumelelo ngendlela yokwamukela ngempumelelo izindlela zokwamukela izindlela zangaphandle. Umthamo wamaphampu amasha angama-20% amakhulu kunalawo asebekhulile. Ukusebenza kahle kungu-3 ~ 5% ophakeme kunalawo asebekhulile.

Ukugeleza okuyisiyaluyalu no-laminar.

Lawa magama achaza isimo somzimba sokugeleza.

Ukugeleza kwesiyaluyalu, ukuqhubeka kwezinhlayiya zezimbali akujwayelekile futhi kunezindawo ezibonakala zingezinhle zezikhundla. IVesi velocities ukuze kushukumise ukunyakaza kudliwe futhi kubange kunokuba kube yiRexilinear. Uma udayi lufakwe endaweni ethile, luzosebenzisa ngokushesha kulo lonke umfudlana wokugeleza. Endabeni yokugeleza kwesiyaluyalu ngepayipi, ngokwesibonelo, ukuqoshwa okusheshayo kwesivinini esigabeni kuzokwembula ukusatshalaliswa okulinganiselwe njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 1 (a). I-velocity eqinile, njengoba ibizorekhodwa ngamathuluzi ajwayelekile okulinganisa, kukhonjiswe ku-DOTTY LEVERVE, futhi kusobala ukuthi ukugeleza kwesiphithiphithi kubonakaliswa yi-velocity eguquguqukayo engagxili kakhulu eguquguqukayo ngokuqinile okwesikhashana.

Fig.1 (a) ukugeleza kwesiphithiphithi

Fig.1 (b) ukugeleza kwe-laminar

Ku-Laminar ukugeleza kwazo zonke izinhlayiya zamanzi ziqhubeka nezindlela ezifanayo futhi akukho ngxenye eguqukayo ye-velocity. Ukuqhubekela phambili okuhlelekile kunjengokuthi yizinhlayiya ngayinye kulandela umkhondo oqondile wenhlayiya eyandulelayo ngaphandle kokuphambuka. Ngakho-ke ibala elincanyana likadayi lizohlala linjalo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Kune-gradient ethe xaxa eguquguqukayo ekuhambeni kwe-laminar (Fig.1b) kunakuma-flow anesiyaluyalu.Isibonelo, ipayipi, isilinganiso se-velocity v max v kanye ne-0,05 ngokugeleza kwesiyaluyalu.

Ukugeleza kwe-Laminar kuhlotshaniswa ne-velocities ephansi kanye ne-viscous sluggish fluid.in Pipeline kanye ne-open-channel hydraulics, ivelocies cishe iphakeme ngokwanele ukuqinisekisa ukugeleza okuguqukayo, yize isendlalelo se-laminanar siphikelela ngokusondela emngceleni oqinile. IMITHETHO YOKUQHAWULA KAKHULU, futhi ngezimo ezilula zemingcele Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-velocity kungahlaziywa ngokwezibalo. Ngenxa yemvelo yayo engekho emthethweni, ukugeleza kwesiyaluyalu kuvikele ukwelashwa okuqinile kwezibalo, kanye nesixazululo sezinkinga ezisebenzayo, kuyadingeka ukuncika kakhulu ebudlelwaneni obunamandla noma obusezingeni eliphakeme.

Vertical turbine fire pump

Model Cha: I-XBC-VTP

I-XBC-VTP yochungechunge olude olude sha sha shaft shaft uchungechunge lwesigaba esisodwa, amaphampu we-multistage diffusers, okwenziwe ngokuhambisana ne-National Standard GB6245-2006. Sithuthukise ukwakheka nesethenjwa seZinga le-United States Fire Protection Association. Isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi ngomlilo ku-petrochemical, igesi yemvelo, isitshalo samandla, izindwangu zekotoni, i-wharf, indiza, ukugcinwa komhlaba, isakhiwo esiphakeme kakhulu nezinye izimboni. Ingasebenza futhi ekuhambeni, ithangi lasolwandle, umkhumbi womlilo kanye nezinye izikhathi zokuhambisa.

Ukugeleza okujikelezayo nokungaqondakali.

Ukugeleza kuthiwa kujikeleze uma kufakwa izinhlayiyana ngakunye kunesivinini se-angular mayelana nesikhungo sayo sabantu.

Umdwebo 2A ukhombisa ukusatshalaliswa okujwayelekile kwe-velocity okuhambisana nokugeleza kwesiyaluyalu kudlule umngcele oqondile. Ngenxa yokusatshalaliswa kwe-velocity engafaniyo, kuyizinhlayiyana ezinama-axes alo amabili ekuqaleni kwe-perpendicular deformation ngezinga elincane lokujikeleza.Isibalo 2a, ukugeleza emgqeni

Indlela iboniswa, nge-velocity ngokuqondile ngokulinganayo kwirediyo. Izimbazo ezimbili zezinhlayiyana ezijikelezayo ngendlela efanayo ukuze ukugeleza kubuye futhi.

Fig.2 (a) ukugeleza okujikelezayo

Ukuze ukugeleza kube yinsurational, ukusatshalaliswa kwe-velocity eduze komngcele oqondile kumele kube umfaniswano (Fig.2b). Endabeni yokugeleza ngendlela eyindilinga, kungakhonjiswa ukuthi ukuhamba okungajwayelekile kuzokwaziswa kuphela ukuthi i-velocity ilingana ngokungahambi kahle kwiredius. Ukusuka ekubukeni kokuqala kuMdwebo 3, lokhu kubonakala kuyiphutha, kepha kuhlolwa okusondele kakhulu kuveza ukuthi ama-axes amabili ajikeleza ngezindlela ezihlukile ukuze kube nomphumela onxephezelayo okhiqiza ukuma okuphakathi kwezimbazo ezingashintshiwe.

I-Fig.2 (b) Ukugeleza okungafanele

Ngoba wonke uketshezi olunokubonakala, okuphansi koketshezi lwangempela akulona ukungaphenduki ngokweqiniso, futhi ukuhamba kwe-laminar kuyinto eshintshana kakhulu. Ngakho-ke ukuhamba okungajwayelekile kwe-irretatational yisimo se-hypothetical okuzoba yintshisekelo yemfundo - bekungeyona nje iqiniso lokuthi ezikhathini eziningi ukugeleza kweziyaluyalu kwezici ezishushisayo kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi zinganakwa. Lokhu kulula ngoba kungenzeka ukuhlaziya ukugeleza okungafanele ngokungenisa ingqondo ngemiqondo yezibalo ye-classical hydrodynamics okukhulunywa ngayo ngaphambili.

I-Centrifugal Sea Amanzi Wamanzi Wokuya Kwendawo

Model No: ASN ASNV

Imodeli asn namaphampu we-asnv ayi-volting-stage suction couning amaphampu we-caserifugal ama-centrifugal ama-centrifugal ama-centrifugal

Ukuhamba okuqinile nokungagxilile.

Ukugeleza kuthiwa kuqinile lapho izimo kunoma yiliphi iphuzu zihlala zihlonishwa isikhathi. Ukuhunyushwa okuqinile kwale ncazelo kungaholela esiphethweni sokuthi ukugeleza kwesiphithiphithi akukaze kuqiniswe ngempela. Kodwa-ke, ngenjongo yamanje kulula ukubheka ukunyakaza okujwayelekile koketshezi njengendlela yokuguquguquka nokushintshashintsha kwephutha okuhambisana nesiphithiphithi njengethonya lesibili kuphela. Isibonelo esibonakalayo sokugeleza okuqinile kungukuphuma njalo esiteshini noma esiteshini esivulekile.

Njenge-corollary kulandela ukuthi ukugeleza kungagxili lapho izimo ziyehluka ngokuhlonishwa nesikhathi. Isibonelo sokugeleza okungazinzanga ukukhishwa okuhlukahlukene esiteshini noma esiteshini esivulekile; Lokhu kuvame ukuba yinto yesikhashana elandelanayo, noma elandelwa, ukuphuma okuqinile. Okunye okujwayelekile

Izibonelo zesimo sezikhathi ezithile zihamba ngezikhathi ezithile kanye nokunyakaza kwe-cyclic kwemizimba emikhulu yamanzi ekuhambeni komcamelo.

Iningi lezinkinga ezisebenzayo ku-Hydraulic Engineering zithinta ukugeleza okuqinile. Lokhu kube nenhlanhla, ngoba isikhathi esiguquguqukayo ekuhambeni okungazinzi sifakazela ukuhlaziya. Ngokuvumelana nalokhu, kulesi sahluko, ukucubungula ukugeleza okungagxili kuzokhawulelwa kumacala ambalwa alula. Kubalulekile ukuthi ukhumbula ukuthi izimo eziningana ezijwayelekile zokugeleza okungazinzi zingancishiswa zibe yisimo esiqinile ngenxa yesimiso sokunyakaza okuhlobene.

Ngakho-ke, inkinga ehilela umkhumbi ohamba ngamanzi angahle aphindiselwe ukuze umkhumbi umile futhi amanzi ahamba; Ukuphela kwenqubo yokufana kokufana koketshezi ngokuziphatha ukuthi i-velocity ehlobene nayo izofana. Futhi, ukunyakaza kwamandla emanzini ajulile kungancishiswa ku

Isimo esiguqukayo ngokuthatha isinqumo sokuthi obonayo uhamba namagagasi asesivinini esifanayo.

Impompo ye-tertical turbine

I-Diesel Injini vertical turbinage turlistage centrifugal inline inline shaft shaft shaft water amanzi drainage pump lolu hlobo lwamaphompu wokudonsa mpo ikakhulukazi asetshenziselwa ukugqwala, ama-grits) okuqukethwe ngaphansi kwendle noma okuqukethwe. Iphampu ye-VTP hlobo mpo yokudonsa mpo kumaphampu wamanzi we-vp, futhi ngesisekelo sokwanda kanye nekholaji, setha i-tube lubrucation ngamanzi. Ingabhema izinga lokushisa elingaphansi kwama-60 ° C, lithumele liqukethe okusanhlamvu okuthile okuqinile (njengensimbi yensimbi nesihlabathi esihle, amalahle, njll.) Amanzi wendle noma amanzi.

Ukugeleza okufanayo nokungafani.

Ukugeleza kuthiwa kufana yunifomu lapho kungekho umehluko ngobukhulu nokuqondiswa kwe-velocity veter kusuka kwelinye iphuzu kuya kwelinye lisendleleni yokugeleza. Ukuze kuhambisane nale ncazelo, zombili indawo yokugeleza kanye ne-velocity kumele zifane kuzo zonke iziphambano. Ukugeleza okungelona umfaniswano kwenzeka lapho i-velocity vector ihlukahluka nendawo, isibonelo esijwayelekile sokugeleza phakathi kwemingcele eguqulwayo noma ephambukayo.

Zombili lezi zimo zokugeleza zivamile ku-Open-Channel Hydraulics, yize zikhuluma ngokuqinile, ngoba ukugeleza okufanayo kuhlale kusondela ku-asymptotically, kuyisimo esifanelekile kuphela esilinganiswe. Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi izimo zihlobene nesikhala kunokuba isikhathi ngakho-ke ezimweni zokugeleza okufakwe (isib .Pipes ngaphansi kwengcindezi), azimele kakhulu ngokugeleza okuqinile noma okungazinzi.

Isikhathi sePosi: Mar-29-2024